Covid data tracking: best dashboards and other tools parsing cases, hospitalizations, and more

Лечение коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV)

Оптимальную схему лечения нового коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 (заболевание COVID-19) врачи различных стран все еще разрабатывают. Некоторые ученые, например в Японии утверждают, что уже нашли сыворотку от данного вируса.

Однако, пока специфические противовирусные препараты разрабатываются, все сходятся во мнении, что прежде всего терапия должна быть направлена на поддержание функций жизненно-важных органов, т.е. применяется симптоматическое лечение.

1. Медикаментозное лечение

Министерство Здравоохранения РФ 03.02.2020 г. опубликовало временные методические рекомендации по лечению вирусной инфекции COVID-19, в которой указаны следующие противовирусные препараты против этого вируса – «Рибавирин», «Лопинавир/Ритонавир», «Рекомбинантный интерферон бета-1b».

Для контроля за температурой тела- если она повышается до критических отметок (40 °С и выше) или не проходит в течение нескольких дней, держась на уровне 38,5 °С у взрослых и 38 °С у детей, применяются жаропонижающие лекарства — «Парацетамол».

В начале вспышки болезни применяли лекарства из группы нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (НПВС) – «Ибупрофен», «Нурофен», «Нимесил» и прочие, однако от них выявлен эффект усиления течения болезни и появления осложнений, поэтому Ибупрофен и прочие средства при лечении КОВИД-19 запрещен.

При средне-тяжелом и тяжелом поражении проводится дезинтоксикационная терапия, целью которой является очищение организма, в частности, крови от продуктов инфекционного поражения, состоящих из самих микробов, а также продуктов их жизнедеятельности в организме. Для детоксикации организма применяются растворы глюкозы («Декстроз»), электролитов (полиионные растворы), «Декстран», растворы кристаллоидов, «Гидрокарбоната натрия». После этих средств применяются диуретики (мочегонные средства) – «Фуросемид», «Маннитол».

Применение диуретиков также способствует снижению отечности в легких, частично профилактируя тем самым обструкцию дыхательных путей.

При сильном насморке и заложенности носа, выраженной отечности носовых ходов назначаются сосудосуживающие капли — «Фармазолин», «Отривин», «Нокспрей» и прочие.

При нарушении дыхательной функции применяют ИВЛ (искусственная вентиляция воздуха), а при необходимости делают интубацию трахеи.

Китайские медики также с успехом испробовали лечить пневмонию, вызванную SARS-CoV-2 экстракорпоральной оксигенацией, суть которого заключается в искусственном насыщении крови кислородом, тем самым улучшив дыхательную функцию организма.
Гормональные препараты (глюкокортикостероиды) при COVID-19 в отличие от пневмонии, вызванной SARS-CoV-1 и MERS-CoV применять не рекомендуется, т.к. замечен незначительный результат по снятию воспалительного процесса, но, в это же время, гормоны замедляли действие иммунитета по купированию нового коронавируса.

Антибиотики против вирусной инфекции также не назначаются, поскольку они не обладают против них никаким пагубным действием, а вот дополнительно понизить реактивность иммунитета при их применении вполне возможно. Назначение антибактериальных препаратов целесообразно лишь при вторичной бактериальной инфекции.

2. Диета при COVID-19

Цель диетического питания при коронавирусах – поддержать организм и аккумулировать его силы на борьбу с инфекцией.

При ОРВИ, пневмонии и других инфекционных заболеваниях дыхательной системы назначается диета №13 (стол №13).

При данной диете не рекомендуется к употреблению жирного, острого, жаренного, копченостей, крепкого чая, кофе, и конечно же, алкогольной продукции.

Other significant clusters

The coronavirus has followed Americans wherever they gathered, spreading early this year, on cruise ships and at business conferences. As the country has reopened, new clusters have emerged at churches, restaurants and workplaces. Read more here about some of the country’s less-noticed coronavirus clusters. Because many states do not provide information about where the virus spread, no listing of clusters and local outbreaks will be complete.

	Cases	Location
U.S.S. Theodore Roosevelt	1,271	Guam
Savannah River Site nuclear reservation	686	Savannah River Site, S.C.
Newport News Shipbuilding	632	Newport News, Va.
Wynn Las Vegas Resorts	554	Las Vegas, Nev.
Los Angeles Apparel clothing manufacturing facilities	386	Los Angeles, Calif.

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Black Lives Matter Protests

“I can’t breathe.” These few words sparked the ongoing flames of a significant movement this summer: Black Lives Matter (BLM).

After the killing of George Floyd on May 25, by police, the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) recorded over 7,750 BLM-linked demonstrations over a three month span.

The nationwide pattern of civil unrest is well-documented, but there’s been no time like the present to demand change. Though images of burning cars and police clashes dominated the headlines, in the end, 93% of the protests were peaceful.

There’s also been a ripple effect, with thousands of similar rallies reported in countries around the world.

Graphic #11 & 12  ⟩⟩   May 2020

Sources

1. Update on the situation regarding the new coronavirus — World Health Organization (WHO), January 29, 2020
2. WHO: «Live from Geneva on the new #coronavirus outbreak» []
3. — Chen Wang et al., The Lancet. January 24, 2020
4. Case fatality risk of influenza A(H1N1pdm09): a systematic review — Epidemiology. Nov. 24, 2013
5. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China — Huang et al., The Lancet. January 24, 2020
6. Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019nCoV) in Wuhan, China — Journal of Medical Virology, Jan. 29, 2020
7. NHS Press Conference, Feb. 4 2020 — National Health Commission (NHC) of the People’s Republic of China
8. Methods for Estimating the Case Fatality Ratio for a Novel, Emerging Infectious Disease — Ghani et al, American Journal of Epidemiology
9. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China — Wang et. al, JAMA, Feb. 7, 2020
10. Virus-hit Wuhan speeds up diagnosis, treatment of patients — Xinhua Net, Feb. 2, 2020
11. Coronavirus: 100,000 may already be infected, experts warn — The Guardian, Jan. 26, 2020
12. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) — World Health Organization, Feb. 28, 2020
13. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 — 3 March 2020 — World Health Organization, March 3, 2020

Sources

1. Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) — United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
2. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China — JAMA, Wang et al., February 7, 2020
3. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China — Huang et al., The Lancet. January 24, 2020
4. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study — Chen et al, The Lancet, January 30, 2020
5. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) — World Health Organization, Feb. 28, 2020

China and Russia Resist Facebook’s Pull

The social giant’s growth, however, didn’t come without resistance.

China’s most popular social networking website has been Tencent’s Qzone since the mid-2000s. WeChat—a popular all-in-one messaging platform—does not technically qualify for the above map as a “social networking website”, but the app now has more than 1.2 billion MAUs. Facebook had attempted to gain ground in the country but was banned in 2009.

Similarly in Iran, Facebook was also blocked first in 2009 and then intermittently since. Instead, Iran’s most popular social networks have been Persian sites Cloob and Facenama between 2009‒2016. Facebook did manage to capture the #1 spot briefly in 2011, but since then, they’ve been displaced by Facebook-owned Instagram.

The other countries that Facebook has had trouble capturing, despite not being blocked, are Russia and many former Soviet republics. There, social network dominance has switched regularly between the networks VKontakte and Odnoklassniki, both owned by Mail.ru, a Russian internet giant.

Patients Under Investigation (PUI) in the United States

CDC in the early stages released information regarding the number of cases and people under investigation that was updated regularly on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Below we provide the historical reports that we were able to gather in order to track the progression in the number of suspected cases and US states involved through time in the initial stages

As of Feb. 10:

Number of U.S. States with PUI	36
Positive	12
Negative	318
Pending(specimens awaiting testing)	68
TOTAL	398

As of Feb. 7:

Number of U.S. States with PUI	36
Positive	12
Negative	225
Pending(specimens awaiting testing)	100
TOTAL	337

As of Feb. 5:

Number of U.S. States with PUI	36
Positive	11
Negative	206
Pending(specimens awaiting testing)	76
TOTAL	293

As of Feb. 3:

Number of U.S. States with PUI	36
Positive	11
Negative	167
Pending(specimens awaiting testing)	82
TOTAL	260

As of January 31:

Number of U.S. States with PUI	36
Positive	6
Negative	114
Pending(specimens awaiting testing)	121
TOTAL	241

Previously, as of January 29, there were 92 suspected cases awaiting testing.

Number of U.S. States with PUI	36
Positive	5
Negative	68
Pending(specimens awaiting testing)	92
TOTAL	165

What you can do

Experts’ understanding of how the Covid-19 works is growing. It seems that there are four factors that most likely play a role: how close you get to an infected person; how long you are near that person; whether that person expels viral droplets on or near you; and how much you touch your face afterwards. Here is a guide to the symptoms of Covid-19.

You can help reduce your risk and do your part to protect others by following some basic steps:

Keep your distance from others. Stay at least six feet away from people outside your household as much as possible.

Wear a mask outside your home. A mask protects others from your germs, and it protects you from infection as well. The more people who wear masks, the more we all stay safer.

Wash your hands often. Anytime you come in contact with a surface outside your home, scrub with soap for at least 20 seconds, rinse and then dry your hands with a clean towel.

Avoid touching your face. The virus can spread when our hands come into contact with the virus, and we touch our nose, mouth or eyes. Try to keep your hands away from your face unless you have just recently washed them.

Here’s a complete guide on how you can prepare for the coronavirus outbreak.

Rising Iran–U.S. Tensions

In early January, a U.S. air strike incinerated the car of General Qassim Suleimani, a security mastermind and one of Iran’s most powerful military strategists. U.S. officials claimed that Iran was planning an “imminent” attack.

In retaliation, Iran fired two rockets at U.S. military bases located in Iraq. No one was killed. As tensions escalated, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill to try and restrict President Trump’s use of military power against Iran without approval.

Later, in mid-January, Iran’s Revolutionary Guard admitted that it mistakenly shot down a Ukrainian passenger jet, responsible for the death of 176 people.

Graphic #3   ⟩⟩   March 2020

Coronavirus Genetics

Coronaviruses, so named because they look like halos (known as coronas) when viewed under the electron microscope, are a large family of RNA viruses. The typical generic coronavirus genome is a single strand of RNA, 32 kilobases long, and is the largest known RNA virus genome. Coronaviruses have the highest known frequency of recombination of any positive-strand RNA virus, promiscuously combining genetic information from different sources when a host is infected with multiple coronaviruses. In other words, these viruses mutate and change at a high rate, which can create havoc for both diagnostic detection, as well as therapy (and vaccine) regimens.Coronaviruses have an unusual replication process, which involves a 2-step replication mechanism. Many RNA virus genomes contain a single open reading frame (ORF), which is then translated as a single polyprotein that is catalytically cleaved into smaller functional viral proteins, but coronaviruses can contain up to 10 separate ORFs. Most ribosomes translate the biggest one of these ORFs, called replicase, which alone is twice the size of many other RNA viral genomes. The replicase gene encodes a series of enzymes that use the rest of the genome as a template to produce a set of smaller, overlapping messenger RNA molecules, which are then translated into structural proteins — the building blocks of new viral particles. For a detailed, complete description of coronavirus replication and pathogenesis, see the 2016 publication by Fehr and Perlman.
Diagram of coronavirus virion structure showing spikes that form a «crown» like the solar corona, hence the name.

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:3D_medical_animation_corona_virus.jpg

What is the new virus?

SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that target and affect mammals’ respiratory systems. According to their specific characteristics, there are four main ranks, or genera, of coronaviruses: alpha, beta, delta, and gamma.

Most of these only affect animals, but a few can also pass to humans. Those that are transmissible to humans belong to only two of these genera: alpha and beta.

Only two coronaviruses have previously caused global outbreaks. The first of these was the SARS coronavirus — responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) — which started spreading in 2002 in China.

The SARS virus epidemic primarily affected the populations of mainland China and Hong Kong, and it died off in 2003.

Beirut Explosion

While the world grappled with numerous biological and natural disasters, human-error led to a deadly explosion that rocked Beirut’s port. The blast was broadcast around the world in real time as people filmed the fire on their devices.

Using satellite data, NASA and NYT mapped the extent of the damage, which claimed 135 lives and affected 305,000 more.

» See the full interactive explainer by NYT

This explosion was the biggest accident of its kind in modern history, triggered by the exposure of combustible ammonium nitrate—a key ingredient in fertilizers—to an open flame due to poor storage. Beyond the human toll, the financial cost of this explosion is estimated at above $15 billion.

Graphic #16   ⟩⟩   August 2020

The Coronavirus Crash

The S&P 500 erased over a third of its value in under a month—the fastest 30% decline ever recorded on the benchmark index.

As a result, the global tourism industry suffered dramatic losses, with countless cruise ships docked and passenger flights traveling at half-capacity.

This graphic shows the BEACH stocks—booking, entertainment & live events, airlines, cruises & casinos, hotels & resorts—that were most impacted by worldwide travel bans.

While some of these stocks have since recovered, the ongoing impact of COVID-19 is still most widely being felt among companies in these types of industries.

Graphic #5 & 6   ⟩⟩   March 2020

Traveling During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Travelers are reminded to follow the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) travel guidance as well as local and state advisories regarding COVID-19. Specifically, travelers are also encouraged to:

• Maintain a social distance of six feet wherever possible while at the checkpoint.
• Wear a face mask throughout your travel experience. You will be asked to adjust your mask for ID verification or if it alarms the security screening equipment. If you don’t have a face mask and you require a pat down, a TSA officer will offer one to you. 
• Remove belts and all personal items from your pockets such as wallets, keys or phones before you enter the checkpoint queue and place them in your carry-on bag.  (Does not apply to TSA PreCheck members.)
• Remove food items from carry-on bags and place in bin for screening. (Does not apply to TSA PreCheck members.)
• Practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands regularly, including directly before and after completing the security screening process. If it is not possible to wash your hands, please use hand sanitizer.
• Arrive at the airport early to allow adequate time for checking bags, completing security screening and getting to the departure gate. COVID-19 has affected staffing and operations across the airport environment, potentially adding time to your pre-flight experience.

Employees or travelers who believe they may have been in contact with a person who has COVID-19 should consult with their healthcare provider. Employees or travelers who have tested positive for COVID-19 should seek medical attention and follow the guidance of their healthcare provider and local health department.

U.S. Wildfire Season

Reddish-orange skies might seem otherworldly, but this fall, they were a common sight across the West Coast of North America, where air quality reached the “hazardous” category for long stretches of time.

2020 was the most active year on record for wildfires yet, with California and Oregon being particularly hard-hit. While some wildfires are caused by natural occurrences like lightning strikes, an overwhelming majority (85-90%) happen because of human causes such as discarded cigarettes and campfire debris.

– Noah Diffenbaugh, professor and senior fellow at Stanford University

Graphic #18   ⟩⟩   November 2020

Cases in jails and prisons

In American jails and prisons, more than 400,000 people have been infected and at least 1,800 inmates and correctional officers have died. During interviews with dozens of inmates across the country, many said they were frightened and frustrated by what prison officials have acknowledged has been an uneven response to the virus.

After more than 2,200 prisoners tested positive, a judge told San Quentin to reduce its population.

Sandy Dowell, 51, an inmate at Swannanoa Correctional Center for Women, a prison in North Carolina, said she feared for her life if the virus spreads inside the facility. She has lung disease, asthma and high blood pressure, and said she believed prisons were disregarding the lives of inmates in their handling of Covid-19. “A life is a life, isn’t it?” she said. “I mean, isn’t everyone’s life worth something?”

In early December, Ms. Dowell tested positive for the coronavirus.

	Cases	Location
Avenal State Prison	3,466	Avenal, Calif.
Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison	3,376	Corcoran, Calif.
Harris County jail	3,258	Houston, Texas
San Quentin State Prison	2,636	San Quentin, Calif.
Marion Correctional Institution	2,477	Marion, Ohio
Carson City Correctional Facility	2,278	Carson City, Mich.
High Desert State Prison	2,265	Susanville, Calif.
Central Michigan Correctional Facility	2,260	St. Louis, Mich.
State Correctional Institution at Dallas	2,255	Dallas, Pa.
Soledad prison	2,246	Soledad, Calif.

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Where new cases are higher and staying high

States where new cases are higher had a daily average of at least 15 new cases per 100,000 people over the past week. Charts show daily cases per capita and are on the same scale. Tap a state to see detailed map page.

7-day average

Last 14 days

Tennessee

March 1
Dec. 22

California

Oklahoma

Arizona

Alabama

Arkansas

West Virginia

Kansas

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Mississippi

Massachusetts

Delaware

Georgia

North Carolina

Texas

South Carolina

Louisiana

New Hampshire

Iowa

Florida

New York

New Jersey

Virginia

Washington

Maine

Oregon

Puerto Rico

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7-day average

Last 14 days

Tennessee

519,475

total cases

March 1
Dec. 22

California

1,968,430

Oklahoma

265,620

Arizona

470,351

Alabama

329,811

Arkansas

205,048

West Virginia

74,737

Kansas

208,109

Ohio

637,032

Pennsylvania

577,183

Mississippi

197,691

Massachusetts

331,174

Delaware

51,623

Georgia

579,957

North Carolina

491,242

Texas

1,632,297

South Carolina

278,055

Louisiana

290,960

New Hampshire

38,008

Iowa

270,294

Florida

1,223,007

New York

871,155

New Jersey

442,274

Virginia

314,481

Washington

232,204

Maine

19,743

Oregon

105,091

Puerto Rico

103,527

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Where new cases are higher but going down

7-day average

Last 14 days

Rhode Island

March 1
Dec. 22

Indiana

Utah

Nevada

Idaho

New Mexico

South Dakota

Kentucky

Wyoming

Nebraska

Illinois

Connecticut

Wisconsin

Missouri

Montana

Alaska

Colorado

Minnesota

North Dakota

Maryland

Michigan

Washington, D.C.

Vermont

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7-day average

Last 14 days

Rhode Island

81,187

total cases

March 1
Dec. 22

Indiana

474,797

Utah

255,085

Nevada

207,351

Idaho

132,950

New Mexico

132,075

South Dakota

95,509

Kentucky

250,089

Wyoming

42,379

Nebraska

158,580

Illinois

913,265

Connecticut

168,960

Wisconsin

497,380

Missouri

393,488

Montana

78,017

Alaska

44,241

Colorado

315,397

Minnesota

401,070

North Dakota

90,459

Maryland

255,666

Michigan

503,980

Washington, D.C.

26,900

Vermont

6,608

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Where new cases are lower but going up

States where new cases are lower had a daily average of less than 15 new cases per 100,000 people over the past week. Charts show daily cases per capita and are on the same scale. Tap a state to see detailed map page.

Is there a vaccine or a cure?

1. No vaccine is currently available.
2. Several organisations around the world are developing vaccines, using several different methods.
3. By early March 2020, 30 vaccine candidates were in development, with products by Gilead Sciences and Ascletis Pharma in Phase III clinical trials.
4. Several compounds, which were previously approved for treatment of other viral diseases, such as favipiravir, ribavirin, remdesivir and galidesivir, are being investigated against the coronavirus.
5. Clinical trials are underway in for lopinavir/ritonavir and of remdesivir.
6. Bruce Aylward, an assistant director-general of the WHO, has stated «there is only one drug right now that we think may have real efficacy and that’s remdesivir.»

CDC Recommendations

While the immediate risk of this new virus to the American public is believed to be low at this time, everyone can do their part to help us respond to this emerging public health threat:

• For everyone: It’s currently flu and respiratory disease season, and CDC recommends getting vaccinated, taking everyday preventive actions to stop the spread of germs and taking flu antivirals if prescribed.
• For healthcare professionals:
  • Be on the look-out for people with travel history to China that have fever and respiratory symptoms.
  • If you are a healthcare professional caring a COVID-19 patient, please take care of yourself and follow recommended infection control procedures.
• For people who may have 2019-nCoV infection: Please follow CDC guidance on how to reduce the risk of spreading your illness to others.
• For travelers: Stay up to date with .
• For laboratory professionals: Stay up to date on testing information. 
• Frequently asked questions about coronavirus from CDC.

The top U.S. public health officials

Lockdown Life Begins

From toilet paper hoarding to limits on gatherings, the pandemic’s immediate effects on our surrounding environment became clear as early as March. As daily life came to a standstill, commuter activity in major cities plummeted throughout the month.

One unintended positive consequence of these shutdowns? Air pollution, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) emissions also steeply dropped alongside these restrictions on movement.

Possibly the most well-known diagram of the pandemic is the one that introduced the world to the phrase “flatten the curve”, showing why it was important to prevent and delay the spread of the virus so that large portions of the population aren’t sick at the same time.

Graphic #7   ⟩⟩   April 2020

Security Checkpoints

While security is TSA’s top priority, the health and safety of our employees and the traveling public is of utmost importance to us. TSA remains in close communication with medical professionals, the CDC, and various government agencies as we continue to carry out our important mission. Below are some adjustments TSA has made at security checkpoints to make the security screening process safer.

TSA has implemented procedures to increase social distancing and reduce direct contact between our employees and the traveling public whenever possible – without compromising security. Adjustments include increasing distance between passengers as they enter the security checkpoint queue and throughout the screening process, placing visual reminders of appropriate spacing on checkpoint floors, and opening more checkpoint lanes where possible to reduce time spent in line.

Reduced Physical Contact

TSA is implementing a phased installation of acrylic barriers at various points throughout the checkpoint that require interaction between passengers and TSA officers. Travelers should keep possession of their boarding pass, place it on the document scanner and show the boarding pass to the TSA officer for visual inspection while at the travel document checking station.

Personal Protective Equipment

TSA officers are required to wear face mask and gloves. They may also choose to wear eye protection or clear plastic face shields. In addition, TSA officers change their gloves following each pat-down and upon passenger request.

Cleaning and Disinfecting

TSA has increased the frequency and intensity of cleaning and disinfecting of frequently touched surfaces throughout the checkpoint including security screening equipment and bins. TSA officers are also required to change Explosives Trace Detection swabs after each use.

Medical Exemption for Hand Sanitizer

As a temporary exemption from the 3-1-1 rule, TSA is allowing one oversized liquid hand sanitizer container, up to 12 ounces per passenger, in carry-on bags. Since these containers exceed the standard allowance typically permitted through a checkpoint, they will need to be screened separately. This will add some time to your checkpoint screening experience. Please keep in mind that all other liquids, gels and aerosols brought to a checkpoint continue to be limited to 3.4 ounces or 100 milliliters carried in a one quart-size bag. TSA’s special procedures for traveling with medication.

Touchless Technology

New technology continues to be a major priority for TSA. Here are just a few examples of technologies that are changing the way we do business: 1) Computed Tomography (CT) produces high-quality, 3-D images for a more thorough visual analysis of a bag’s contents. 2) Enhanced Advanced Imaging Technology (eAIT) safely screens passengers without physical contact for threats such as weapons and explosives, which may be hidden under a passenger’s clothing. 3) Credential Authentication Technology (CAT) machines automatically verify identification documents presented by passengers during the security screening process.

Expired Driver’s License and REAL ID Extension

If your driver’s license or state-issued ID expired on or after March 1, 2020, and you are unable to renew at your state driver’s license agency, you may still use it as acceptable identification at the checkpoint. TSA will accept expired driver’s licenses or state-issued ID a year after expiration.   DHS has extended the REAL ID enforcement deadline to October 1, 2021.Learn more about REAL ID on TSA’s REAL ID webpage.